| For medical practitioners and osteopaths - Osteopathy Journal Articles Catalog. |
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| Overview of financial assistance resources for osteopathic medical students Reich, M. M. (1994), J Am Osteopath Assoc 94(11): 930-4. |
| Palpatory diagnosis of the osteopathic lesions Walton, W. J. (1971), J Am Osteopath Assoc 70(12): 1295-305. |
| 'Parallel and distinctive': the philosophic pathway for reform in osteopathic medical education Gevitz, N. (1994), J Am Osteopath Assoc 94(4): 328-32. |
| Parental perceptions of the therapeutic effect from osteopathic manipulation or acupuncture in children with spastic cerebral palsy Duncan, B., L. Barton, et al. (2004), Clin Pediatr (Phila) 43(4): 349-53. Abstract: Fifty children were involved in a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of either osteopathic manipulation or acupuncture as a 6-month therapeutic adjunct for children with spastic cerebral palsy. Exit interviews were used to obtain parental perceptions and form the basis of this report. Only 2 of 17 parents reported positive gains while their child was in a wait-list control period but all 17 reported gains while in the treatment phase of the study. Ninety-six percent (48 of 50) of the parents reported some improvement while their child was receiving treatments but the gains varied from child to child. The most frequent gains were seen in improvement in the use of arms or legs (61% and 68%) and more restful sleep (39% and 68%) in the osteopathic and the acupuncture groups, respectively. Improvement in mood and improved bowel function were also very common benefits noted by the parents in both groups. |
| Pathophysiologic evidence for the osteopathic lesion: the known, unknown, and controversial Denslow, J. S. (1975), J Am Osteopath Assoc 75(4): 415-21. |
| Patient confusion and misperception about the doctor of osteopathy and the medical doctor Lindquist, J. D. (1988), J Health Care Mark 8(1): 76-81. |
| Patient focuses national attention on osteopathic identity Murphy, J. (1980), Oh 24(2): 16-7. |
| Patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes associated with osteopathic manipulative treatment Licciardone, J., R. Gamber, et al. (2002), J Am Osteopath Assoc 102(1): 13-20. Abstract: A patient survey was used to measure and explain patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes associated with osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). Participating in the survey were 459 people who attended an ambulatory OMT specialty clinic from March 1998 through September 1998 and who had received OMT there at least twice previously. Standardized patient satisfaction scores were greatest for overall performance (0.61 +/- 0.29) and interpersonal manner (0.61 +/- 0.24). Satisfaction with finances (0.11 +/- 0.31) was significantly lower than for all other global dimensions of care (P <.001). Subjects perceived OMT to be highly efficacious (0.74 +/- 0.34) and reported significant relief from pain or discomfort (P <.001) and improvement in mobility (P <.001). Of all the respondents, 8.6% attributed an adverse reaction to OMT. Perception of OMT efficacy was significantly associated with all dimensions of patient satisfaction (P values ranged from less than.001 to.003). Relief from pain or discomfort was significantly associated with overall satisfaction (P <.001). Females had greater reduction in pain or discomfort than males (P =.001). Respondents perceived significant community shortages of OMT services through primary care (-0.45 +/- 0.50; P <.001) and specialty (-0.35 +/- 0.54; P <.001) physicians, and reported significant dissatisfaction with insurance coverage for OMT services (-0.09 +/- 0.57; P =.001). These findings suggest the need for greater access to OMT services. |
| Patients' satisfaction with osteopathic and GP management of low back pain in the same surgery Pincus, T., S. Vogel, et al. (2000), Complement Ther Med 8(3): 180-6. Abstract: Chronic low back patients reported their satisfaction with the treatment they received for back pain from GPs and osteopaths practising in the same surgery. Although levels of satisfaction were high for all treatments, patients reported significantly higher scores for satisfaction with the osteopathic treatment. The difference was stronger for aspects of care/communication and competence, and weaker for satisfaction with efficacy. These findings are discussed in reference to patients' expectations, novelty, time spent with patients, number of visits, and patients' age. |
| Pelvic and extrapelvic osteopathy in rheumatoid spondylitis, a clinical and roentgenographic study of ninety cases Guest, C. M. and H. G. Jacobson (1951), Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 65(5): 760-8. |
| Perceptions and reported practices of osteopathic physicians in diagnosing and treating addiction Kadel, F. J. and W. Vilensky (1999), J Am Osteopath Assoc 99(9): 461-9. Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the perceptions and reported practices of osteopathic physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of addiction. Copies of survey questions were sent to the 344 members of the West Virginia Osteopathic Society. A total of 176 (51.2%) physicians responded; of these responses, 166 surveys were used for analysis. Respondents included 130 practicing physicians and 36 physicians in internship or residency training programs. Of those responding, 133 were men and 33 were women, and ages ranged from 24 to 81 years with a mean of 41.6 years. Respondents who were graduates of the West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine numbered 132 (79.5%), and 99 (59.6%) were in family practice. Characteristics most commonly attributed to addiction were a chronic nature and psychological or physical dependence. More than half of the test subjects did not consider addiction to be a primary disease independent of other factors or psychiatric conditions. Respondents reported a mean addiction prevalence of 20.4%, with the most common substances reported as tobacco, alcohol, and benzodiazapines, respectively. Individual prevalence reports varied from 0% to 95% (SD +/- 20.4%). The most commonly used diagnostic tools were the CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener) test, DSM III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition, revised) or DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition) criteria, and quantity and frequency questions. Medical sequelae such as jaundice or emphysema were the most likely reasons for the respondents to address a substance abuse problem. For referral resources, respondents were most likely to use inpatient or outpatient treatment. A mean success rate of 27.7% was reported by the 133 physicians responding. The wide variance in reported prevalence and the low success rate reported in comparison to that demonstrated in published treatment studies indicate that there is a need for further education of both physicians in training and those presently in practice. Medical sequelae are frequently irreversible signs of late-stage addiction, and physicians should be urged to include such tools as the CAGE test in each regular physical to facilitate earlier intervention. |
| Perceptions of philosophic and practice differences between US osteopathic physicians and their allopathic counterparts Johnson, S. M. and M. E. Kurtz (2002), Soc Sci Med 55(12): 2141-8. Abstract: Data were gathered through a random national mail survey of 3000 US osteopathic physicians. Nine hundred and fifty-five questionnaires were usable for analysis. Through open-ended questions, osteopathic physicians identified philosophic and practice differences that distinguished them from their allopathic counterparts, and whether they believed the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), a key identifiable feature of the osteopathic profession, was appropriate in their specialty. Seventy-five percent of the respondents to the question regarding philosophic differences answered positively, and 41 percent of the follow-up responses indicated that holistic medicine was the most distinguishing characteristic of their profession. In response to the question on practice differences, 59 percent of the respondents believed they practiced differently from allopathic physicians, and 72 percent of the follow-up responses indicated that the osteopathic approach to treatment was a primary distinguishing feature, mainly incorporating the application of OMT, a caring doctor-patient relationship, and a hands-on style. More respondents who specialized in osteopathic manipulative medicine and family practice perceived differences between them and their allopathic counterparts than did other practitioners. Almost all respondents believed OMT was an efficacious treatment, but 19 percent of all respondents felt use of OMT was inappropriate in their specialty. Thirty-one percent of the pediatricians and 38 percent of the non-primary care specialists shared this view. Eighty-eight percent of the respondents had a self-identification as osteopathic physicians, but less than half felt their patients identified them as such. When responses are considered in the context of all survey respondents (versus only those who provided open-ended responses) not a single philosophic concept or resultant practice behavior had concurrence from more than a third of the respondents as distinguishing osteopathic from allopathic medicine. Rank and file osteopathic practitioners seem to be struggling for a legitimate professional identification. The outcome of this struggle is bound to have an impact on health care delivery in the US. |
| Performance of candidates on the American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine subspecialty certifying examinations 1984-1992 Slick, G. L. (1994), J Am Osteopath Assoc 94(3): 240-5. Abstract: In 1973, the Board of Trustees of the American Osteopathic Association approved the Rules and Regulations of the American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine for the subspecialty certification program in internal medicine. The written objective examination process was finalized and implemented in 1984. Since 1984, 354 candidates have entered the examination process, with the largest number in the subspecialty field of cardiology. Through 1992, 91% of the candidates entering the examination process have passed the certifying examination and become certified. The number of first-time certifying-examination takers moderately increased in the last 2 years studied. The pass rate for first-time takers has averaged 75%, whereas the pass rate for repeaters has been 72%. |
| Performance of osteopathic medical school graduates on the American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine certifying examinations 1985 to 1994 Slick, G. L., S. Dolan, et al. (1995), J Am Osteopath Assoc 95(6): 370-4. Abstract: This study examined the trends in the medical knowledge of osteopathic internal medicine residents in American Osteopathic Association-approved residency programs during a recent 10-year period and compared these trends with the declining medical knowledge observed for internal medicine residents graduated from allopathic medical schools and trained in allopathic residency programs. These results demonstrate a similar pattern of declining medical knowledge that appears to have leveled off during the past few years of the study. These trends occurred among candidates from both large and smaller training institutions. Various factors may have contributed to these observations. |
| Performance on a cancer knowledge test by medical & osteopathic students Wood, D. A., P. G. Loret, et al. (1957), Public Health Rep 72(8): 745-9. |
| Performance on the American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine certifying examination 1986-2002 of various demographic groups and the impact of AOA reentry resolutions on allopathic-trained candidates taking the examination Slick, G. L. (2004), J Am Osteopath Assoc 104(7): 294-300. Abstract: The authors report the performance levels and pass rates of various candidate demographic groups and the effect on performance of delaying taking the certifying examination. They also report on the effect American Osteopathic Association reentry resolutions have on allopathic-trained candidates entering the osteopathic certification process in internal medicine. Included in the study were all candidates for the American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine certifying examination for the period between 1986 and 2002. Investigators performed group analysis based on type of residency track leading to board eligibility, as well as on the number of retake candidates, candidates reestablishing board eligibility 6 or more years after completion of residency training, and allopathic-trained candidates. Results indicate that medicine-track candidates performed better than any other study demographic group, including allopathic-trained candidates. A delay in taking the certifying examination after completion of residency results in lower candidate performance and pass rates. Various AOA reentry resolutions have not been successful in the repatriating of allopathic internal medicine-trained candidates into the certification process. Candidates in larger training programs have similar mean performance levels and pass rates as candidates in smaller programs. |
| Performances of candidates with osteopathic compared with allopathic subspecialty training on the American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine subspecialty certifying examinations 1984 to 1992 Slick, G. L. and S. Dolan (1994), J Am Osteopath Assoc 94(12): 1050-3. Abstract: The American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine has been examining various factors that may affect candidate performance on subspecialty certifying examinations. To see whether taking subspecialty training in an osteopathic compared with an allopathic institution could predict better performance on the certifying examinations, the authors analyzed examination performance for all candidates from 1984 through 1992. There was no significant difference between the mean scores for the two groups for any of the nine subspecialty certifying examinations. When the results from all nine examinations were pooled, the mean first-time examination takers' score for candidates in allopathic subspecialty programs (n = 201) was 78.3 and for those in osteopathic subspecialty programs (n = 153), 77.4 (P > 0.2). On the basis of these results, we cannot conclude that osteopathic subspecialty training is a factor that predicts better performance on the subspecialty certifying examination. |
| Performances of U.S. osteopathic and Canadian medical school graduates on the American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Examinations, 1984-1988 Shea, J. A., J. J. Norcini, et al. (1990), Acad Med 65(8): 523-6. Abstract: The performances of Canadian medical school graduates and U.S. osteopathic medical school graduates who first took the American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Examination between 1984 and 1988 were compared with the performances, during the same period, of U.S. and foreign medical school graduates. Approximately 100 Canadian graduates took the examination each year; by 1988 the number of osteopathic graduates taking it was 102, double the number participating in 1984. Nearly all the Canadian graduates attended university or university-affiliated residencies, whereas half of the osteopathic graduates attended non-university-affiliated programs. For their overall clinical competence and for the eight components of clinical competence, the Canadian graduates were rated highest, followed by the U.S., osteopathic, and foreign graduates. The Canadians' average examination scores were also highest. The authors discuss the relatively low level of performance of the osteopathic graduates, but conclude that these graduates appear to be an untapped source of talented physicians for internal medicine residencies. The limitations of studying self-selected groups of candidates are also discussed. |
| Peripheral quantitative computed tomography for the detection of diabetic osteopathy: a study in the Goto-Kakizaki rat Ahmad, T., C. Ohlsson, et al. (2003), Invest Radiol 38(3): 171-6. Abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in detecting trabecular and cortical bone changes in diabetes as a model of osteopenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The tibia from 10 type-2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and 10 control Wistar rats were analyzed by DEXA, pQCT, and ash weight determination. RESULTS: DEXA of GK rats showed a significant reduction in mineral content (32%) and density (24%) of the metaphysis, but not of the diaphysis. PQCT disclosed that the reduction of density predominantly pertained to the trabecular bone (reduced by 62%). Periosteal and endosteal circumferences of the diaphyses were increased and cortical thickness was unchanged leading to increased moment of inertia. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in osteopathic conditions, cortical and trabecular bone should be separately examined within specific subregions to obtain relevant information. Loss of metaphyseal trabecular bone seems to be a predominant feature in diabetic rats. Moreover, there is increased moment of inertia in the diaphysis implying increased strength. These diagnostic features of diabetic osteopathy can only be assessed by pQCT. It may prove that similar changes occur in human type-2 diabetes, which could explain the susceptibility to periarticular fracture and Charcot arthropathy. |
| Physical Activity As An Aid To Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Strachan, W. F. (1964), J Am Osteopath Assoc 63: 709-16. |
| Physician recruitment: the new challenge for osteopathic hospitals Giardinelli, R. (1987), Osteopath Hosp Leadersh 31(2): 6-9. |
| Physicians in service to the underserved: an analysis of the practice locations of alumni of Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, 1982-1995 Gugelchuk, G. M. and J. Cody (1999), Acad Med 74(5): 557-9. Abstract: PURPOSE: To determine how many osteopathic medical graduates (DOs) of the Western University of Health Sciences were practicing in underserved communities. METHOD: Practice address information was available for 765 of the 850 practicing DO alumni who had graduated from the University from 1982 through 1995. Alumni were categorized as practicing in underserved areas or not, following federally established guidelines; they were also categorized by gender, ethnicity, and medical specialty. RESULTS: Overall, 20.9% of these 765 alumni were practicing in underserved communities. The percentages of alumni practicing in underserved communities by gender, ethnicity, and specialty were: men, 20.9%; women, 21.0%; Caucasians, 20.5%; Asian Americans, 18.0%; African Americans, 25.0%; Hispanic Americans, 32.1%; Native Americans, 33.3%; primary care physicians, 20.9%; and non-primary care physicians, 20.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one in five practicing DO alumni of Western University was practicing in an underserved area. Examining these data by sex, ethnicity, and practice specialization suggested only weak associations between subgroup membership and practice in an underserved area. |
| Physiological integration as the basis for recovery from disease and its osteopathic implication Chandler, L. C. (1950), J Am Osteopath Assoc 49(6): 305-15. |
| Physiologist views osteopathic medicine from different angle Hultgren, P. B. (1992), J Am Osteopath Assoc 92(10): 1215-8. |
| Pledges continued attention to fullest accomplishment of purposes of Kirksville College of Osteopathy and Surgery Thompson, M. (1952), J Osteopath (Kirksvill) 59(11): 11-20. |
| Politics cloud state of osteopathic medical residency programs Donovan, P. J. (1990), J Am Osteopath Assoc 90(10): 863, 866. |
| Polycystic hepatic disease, thoracic granular cell tumor and secondary hypertrophic osteopathy in a horse Godber, L. M., C. M. Brown, et al. (1993), Cornell Vet 83(3): 227-35. Abstract: A 13-year-old American Saddlebred mare was presented with a 4-day history of anorexia. Physical examination revealed increased inspiratory effort and bony enlargement of the distal limbs. Radiographs indicated a thoracic mass and periosteal proliferations on the distal limbs consistent with hypertrophic osteopathy. Gastric endoscopy revealed distal esophageal and gastric ulceration, and functional pyloric stenosis. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination revealed multiple large, cystic structures associated with the liver. A percutaneous biopsy indicated the thoracic mass to be a granular cell tumor. At necropsy, a large mass consisting of intercommunicating cystic structures was present confluent with the right caudal edge of the liver. Histologically these hepatic lesions were consistent with cystic hepatic disease, which has not previously been reported in the horse. |
| Pondering the effects of the Reconciliation Budget law on osteopathic medical education Wood, D. L. (1997), J Am Osteopath Assoc 97(9): 556. |
| Possible complications of using naloxone as an internal opiate antagonist in the investigation of the role of endorphins in osteopathic manipulative treatment Payson, S. M. and H. S. Holloway (1984), J Am Osteopath Assoc 84(1 Suppl): 152-6. |
| Postdoctoral education in osteopathic medicine Watson, J. O. (1971), J Am Osteopath Assoc 70(8): 769-75. |
| Postoperative osteopathic manipulative management of median sternotomy patients Dickey, J. L. (1989), J Am Osteopath Assoc 89(10): 1309-14, 1319-22. Abstract: More than 250,000 patients yearly undergo coronary bypass graft surgery accomplished via the median sternotomy incision, an approach that has been gaining widespread acceptance. This surgical approach has been associated with a growing number of patients with structural complaints. This article describes a postoperative treatment protocol for improving healing and reducing musculoskeletal disability associated with such cardiac procedures and presents a logical sequence of treatment graded to the patient's changing condition and stage of healing. The author challenges the osteopathic medical profession to meet the opportunity that exists to educate patients and physicians about the benefits of osteopathic healthcare. |
| Post-radiation osteopathy Salib, P. I. (1964), Am J Orthop 6(5): 122-5. |
| Practicing what we teach: integrating osteopathic principles into practice Allen, T. W. (1990), J Am Osteopath Assoc 90(10): 893-4. |
| Prediction of student performance on the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination Level I based on admission data and course performance Cope, M. K., H. H. Baker, et al. (2001), J Am Osteopath Assoc 101(2): 84-5, 89-90. Abstract: To predict student performance on the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX-USA) Level 1 examination based on academic performance during the first 2 years, stepwise regression analysis of COMLEX-USA Level 1 performance with preadmission grade point averages, Medical College Admission Test scores, and academic performance was performed on the class of 2000 to develop three formulae that were then used to predict performance on COMLEX-USA Level 1 for the class of 2001. Models ranged in accuracy of predicting the pass/fail status from 95.2% (all available data) to 96.8% (first-year grades and admissions data). A predictive model for student performance on COMLEX-USA Level 1 can be developed and has a high degree of accuracy. The model with the most variables available to choose from predicts the most failures. |
| Predictive validity of osteopathic medical licensing examinations for osteopathic medical knowledge measured by graduate written examinations Cavalieri, T. A., L. Shen, et al. (2003), J Am Osteopath Assoc 103(7): 337-42. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity of osteopathic medical licensing examinations for osteopathic medical knowledge measured by graduate written medical examinations. Performances on the three osteopathic initial licensing examinations, the three osteopathic internal medicine in-service examinations, and the osteopathic internal medicine board certification examinations were analyzed for a cohort of the most recent osteopathic internal medicine board certification examination candidates (N = 82). Multiple regressions were performed for the predictive value of licensing examination scores for the late examination scores. Logistic regressions were used for the prediction of pass/fail status on the licensing examinations for that on the board certification. A longitudinal performance profile was constructed to assess the rank changes in decile on the examinations at different times. All correlation coefficients between the licensing examinations and other examinations were significant and higher than.70. The licensing examinations together predicted at least 60% of the variance of any of the other examination scores. The pass/fail status on the licensing examinations predicted 89% of the pass/fail status on the certification examination. Decile ranks since the first licensing examination were consistent and stable over at least 5 years. The osteopathic licensing examinations had high predictive validity for the late written osteopathic internal medicine examinations. Generalization of the findings to other disciplines needs a caution, as a specialty bias may exist for these types of studies. |
| Preliminary findings on the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment by osteopathic physicians Fry, L. J. (1996), J Am Osteopath Assoc 96(2): 91-6. Abstract: The literature suggests that the extent to which osteopathic physicians actually use osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) and the factors that predict the use of OMT remain virtually unexplored. A mailed survey of practicing osteopathic physicians was used to query respondents about their use of OMT and about the effects of a number of factors on use of OMT. The survey showed that 71% of 100 practicing physicians used OMT with 5% or more of their patients, and 14% in 50% or more of their patients. Multivariate statistical procedures revealed that a physician's having learned a new OMT format since graduation from medical school was the primary predictor of the use of OMT, followed by interest in OMT during internship. The other predictor was whether the respondent had a family member who was also a DO. Physician's specialty, emphasis on OMT during graduate and postgraduate training, and the era during which DOs received their training were not significant predictors of OMT use. These results indicate a need for further research on OMT use and the variables examined in this study. |
| Preliminary study: an evaluation of the effects of osteopathic manipulative therapy on intraocular pressure Cipolla, V. T., C. M. Dubrow, et al. (1975), J Am Osteopath Assoc 74(5): 433-7. |
| Prenatal management including osteopathic manipulation Wood, L. R. (1951), J Am Osteopath Assoc 51(3): 168-70. |
| Preoperative intravenous morphine sulfate with postoperative osteopathic manipulative treatment reduces patient analgesic use after total abdominal hysterectomy Goldstein, F. J., S. Jeck, et al. (2005), J Am Osteopath Assoc 105(6): 273-9. Abstract: CONTEXT: Administration of opioids for treatment of pain after total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) is a common postoperative procedure, providing an excellent parameter for evaluating the efficacy of postsurgical osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a combination of preemptive morphine sulfate and postoperative OMT could provide improved analgesic effects. DESIGN: Randomized double-blind controlled trial. SETTING AND PATIENTS: Thirty-nine hospitalized patients assigned to one of four treatment groups: (1) preoperative saline and postoperative sham manipulative treatment; (2) preoperative saline and postoperative OMT; (3) preoperative morphine and postoperative sham manipulative treatment; or (4), preoperative morphine and postoperative OMT. INTERVENTION: Saline (control) or morphine, 10 mg, delivered intravenously (IV) 10 minutes before surgical incision. All patients received a postoperative patient-controlled IV analgesia pump containing morphine. At specified intervals following preoperative IV injections, blood was drawn and analyzed for morphine concentrations. Subjects were also asked to rate their postoperative levels of pain, nausea, and vomiting. RESULTS: There were no differences in either pain, or nausea and vomiting scores among the four study groups. Patients in Group 4 used less morphine than those in the Group 3 for the first 24 hours (P=.02) and from 25-48 hours (P=.01) after elective TAH. Morphine blood concentrations were lower after 24 hours in Group 4 compared with Group 2 (P=.04). CONCLUSION: Administration of postoperative OMT enhanced pre- and postoperative morphine analgesia in the immediate 48-hour period following elective TAH, demonstrating that OMT can be a therapeutic adjunct in pain management following this procedure. |
| Prepare the 'total' osteopathic physician for rural healthcare and public health roles Cardarelli, R. and L. Spies (1999), J Am Osteopath Assoc 99(12): 605-6. |