| For medical practitioners and osteopaths - Osteopathy Journal Articles Catalog. |
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| Communication for osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT): the language of lived experience in OMT pedagogy Gaines, E. and A. G. Chila (1998), J Am Osteopath Assoc 98(3): 164-8. Abstract: Questions about the scientific merits of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) and the search for consistent, effective teaching methods for OMT persist in the discourse of the osteopathic medical curriculum. Although grounded on scientific principles, the philosophy of osteopathic medicine in the words of Andrew Taylor Still, William G. Sutherland, and other prominent osteopathic medical scholars advances concepts in metaphoric language that may seem obscure and dated to many of today's students. Evidence in the literature of osteopathic medicine supports the congruence of phenomenology with the philosophy and methods used to teach OMT. Phenomenology offers an alternative paradigm to address questions of scientific merit and could provide a consistent language to a rigorous, scientific approach to communication for OMT pedagogy. The authors propose a solution for the tactical adaptation of a communication strategy based on an interpretation of osteopathic medical methodology and phenomenology. |
| Comparing medical knowledge of osteopathic medical trainees in DO and MD programs: a random effect meta-analysis Shen, L., T. Cavalieri, et al. (1997), J Am Osteopath Assoc 97(6): 359-62. Abstract: The authors used random effect meta-analysis to synthesize eight mean score differences of the Part III/Level 3 examinations of the national Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME) between osteopathic medical trainees in DO residency programs and osteopathic medical trainees in MD programs. The analysis involved 6001 trainees and all Part III or Level 3 examinations since 1992. The average mean score difference was not significantly different from zero; however, the estimates of true effect sizes of each examination varied substantially. The findings indicate that, overall, medical knowledge of osteopathic trainees in MD and DO residency programs is compatible at the time they took the examinations. However, a large variation of effect size suggests the need for further investigation of the factors other than difference between osteopathic and allopathic training programs. |
| Comparison of osteopathic and allopathic medical Schools' support for primary care Peters, A. S., N. Clark-Chiarelli, et al. (1999), J Gen Intern Med 14(12): 730-9. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To contrast prevailing behaviors and attitudes relative to prJgiary care education and practice in osteopathic and allopathic medical schools. DESIGN: Descriptive study using confidential telephone interviews conducted in 1993-94. Analyses compared responses of osteopaths and allopaths, controlling for prJgiary care orientation. SETTING: United States academic health centers. PARTICIPANTS: National stratified probability samples of first-year and fourth-year medical students, postgraduate year 2 residents, and clinical faculty in osteopathic and allopathic medical schools, a sample of allopathic deans, and a census of deans of osteopathic schools (n = 457 osteopaths; n = 2,045 allopaths). MEASUREMENTS: Survey items assessed personal characteristics, students' reasons for entering medicine, learners' prJgiary care educational experiences, community support for prJgiary care, and attitudes toward the clinical and academic competence of prJgiary care physicians. MAIN RESULTS: PrJgiary care physicians composed a larger fraction of the faculty in osteopathic schools than in allopathic schools. Members of the osteopathic community were significantly more likely than their allopathic peers to describe themselves as socioemotionally oriented rather than technoscientifically oriented. Osteopathic learners were more likely than allopathic learners to have educational experiences in prJgiary care venues and with prJgiary care faculty, and to receive encouragement from faculty, including specialists, to enter prJgiary care. Attitudes toward the clinical and academic competence of prJgiary care physicians were consistently negative in both communities. Differences between communities were sustained after controlling for prJgiary care orientation. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with allopathic schools, the cultural practices and educational structures in osteopathic medical schools better support the production of prJgiary care physicians. However, there is a lack of alignment between attitudes and practices in the osteopathic community. |
| Comparison of osteopathic and allopathic results in dementia praecox. 1933 Still, F. M. (2000), J Am Osteopath Assoc 100(8): 501-2. |
| Comparison of performance on the American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine certifying examination 1986 to 1996 by type of residency Slick, G. L. (1997), J Am Osteopath Assoc 97(7): 417-22. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine if internal medicine residency type or location was associated with differences in performance of candidates as measured by the internal medicine certifying examination. Included in the study were all first-time taker candidates for the 1986 to 1996 American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine certifying examinations in internal medicine. Group analysis was performed based on the type of residency track leading to board eligibility: (1) traditional internship plus 3 years of internal medicine residency; (2) traditional internship plus 2 years of internal medicine residency and 1 year of subspecialty training; (3) specialty track internship plus 2 years of internal medicine residency; and (4) traditional internship plus 3 years of allopathic internal medicine residency. Subgroup analysis of the subspecialty track group was performed to determine if any particular subspecialty-trained subgroup performed better than the others. Results indicate that all groups had similar scores and pass rates except for the allopathic-trained residents, whose scores and pass rates were lower. Subgroup analysis of the subspecialty-trained candidates revealed that procedure-oriented subspecialty candidates performed similar to non-procedure-oriented candidates. No gender differences were noted in scores or pass rates. It is concluded that the overall performance of candidates is equivalent for each of the residency training tracks developed by the American College of Osteopathic Internists. Future performance on the recertification examination will need to be tracked to determine if these trends continue for practicing internists. |
| Comparison of personality styles between students enrolled in osteopathic medical, pharmacy, physical therapy, physician assistant, and occupational therapy programs Hardigan, P. C. and S. R. Cohen (1998), J Am Osteopath Assoc 98(11): 637-41. |
| Comparison of the scope of allopathic and osteopathic medical school health promotion programs for students Hooper, J., C. C. Cox, et al. (1999), Am J Health Promot 13(3): 171-9. Abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the number and scope of health promotion programs for students in allopathic and osteopathic medical schools in the U.S. and Canada. DESIGN: A one-time cross-sectional survey design was applied in this study. SETTING: This study was conducted in 141 accredited allopathic and 17 accredited osteopathic medical schools. SUBJECTS: A total of 158 representatives from the allopathic and osteopathic medical schools participated in this study. The response rate for the survey was 100%. MEASURES: A structured telephone interview was conducted to survey representatives from the medical schools. The survey contained 85 multiple-choice questions organized into four sections: administrative characteristics, types of institutional and health promotion program policies, participation incentives and facilities, and type/scope of health promotion program activities. Chi-square analysis was used to analyze survey variables by type of medical education and level of intervention. RESULTS: Of the 158 medical schools, only 20% (n = 32) provided a health promotion program for students. Although osteopathic institutions (29.4%) had a greater percentage of programs than allopathic schools (19.2%), there was no significant difference in scope of program offerings by type of medical education. Allopathic programs offered exercise and nutrition/weight management significantly more often and at a higher level of intervention. Lastly, allopathic programs had significantly more monetary resources available for programming. Following prudent research protocol, investigators should be mindful of the limitations of this study. In this study, some school representatives chose not to answer personnel- and finance-related questions. Additionally, because of the self-report nature of the survey, the responses given to the questions may not have been accurate. CONCLUSION: Allopathic and osteopathic medical school health promotion programs for students were very similar in scope. |
| Comparison of work and time estimates by chiropractic physicians with those of medical and osteopathic providers Hess, J. A. and R. D. Mootz (1999), J Manipulative Physiol Ther 22(5): 280-91. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Resource-based relative value scales (RBRVS) have become a standard method for identifying costs and determining reimbursement for physician services. Development of RBRVS systems and methods are reviewed, and the RBRVS concept of physician "work" is defined. OBJECTIVE: Results of work and time inputs from chiropractic physicians are compared with those reported by osteopathic and medical specialties. Last, implications for reimbursement of chiropractic fee services are discussed. METHODS: Total work, intraservice work, and time inputs for clinical vignettes reported by chiropractic, osteopathic, and medical physicians are compared. Data for chiropractic work and time reports were drawn from a national random sample of chiropractors conducted as part of a 1997 workers' compensation chiropractic fee schedule development project. Medical and osteopathic inputs were drawn from RBRVS research conducted at Harvard University under a federal contract reported in 1990. Both data sets used the same or similar clinical vignettes and similar methods. Comparisons of work and time inputs are made for clinical vignettes to assess whether work reported by chiropractors is of similar magnitude and variability as work reported by other specialties. RESULTS: Chiropractic inputs for vignettes related to evaluation and management services are similar to those reported by medical specialists and osteopathic physicians. The range of variation between chiropractic work input and other specialties is of similar magnitude to that within other specialties. Chiropractors report greater work input for radiologic interpretation and lower work input for manipulation services. CONCLUSIONS: Chiropractors seem to perform similar total "work" for evaluation and management services as other specialties. No basis exists for excluding chiropractors from using evaluation and management codes for reimbursement purposes on grounds of dissimilar physician time or work estimates. Greater work input by chiropractors in radiology interpretation may be related to a greater importance placed on findings in care planning. Consistently higher reports for osteopathic work input on manipulation are likely attributable to differences in reference vignettes used in the respective populations. Research with a common reference vignette used for manipulation providers is recommended, as is development of a single generic approach to coding for manipulation services. |
| Competency-based evaluation in a clinical practices course for first-year osteopathic medical students Olson, C. D. and M. P. Mann (1987), J Am Osteopath Assoc 87(3): 258-62. |
| Complementary medicine. Osteopathy Trevelyan, J. (1993), Nurs Times 89(34): 46-8. |
| Comprehensive survey: facilities and services--osteopathic hospitals Herrick, R. W., 2nd (1982), Oh 26(6): 21. |
| Computer evaluation to the x-ray densitometry method for the diagnosis of calcipenic osteopathy Bojtor, I., A. Illes, et al. (1972), Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Nuklearmed 117(6): 720-4. |
| Conditions and diagnoses for which osteopathic primary care physicians and specialists use osteopathic manipulative treatment Johnson, S. M. and M. E. Kurtz (2002), J Am Osteopath Assoc 102(10): 527-32, 537-40. Abstract: Data presented in this study were gathered in 1998 through a national mail survey of 3000 randomly selected osteopathic physicians. Of 979 (33.4%) questionnaires returned, 955 (97.5%) were usable for analysis. The use of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) was determined for primary care physicians and specialists. Osteopathic manipulative treatment specialists and family physicians provided OMT significantly more frequently than other primary care physicians and non-primary care specialists. More than 50% of respondents (513) administered OMT on less than 5% of their patients. Nevertheless, it should be noted that physicians from 40 of 46 specialties and subspecialties represented in the survey (678, 71%) identified an average of 3.3 conditions and diagnoses per physician that were managed with OMT. The conditions and diagnoses for which OMT is used have been enumerated and codified. More than 50% of conditions (1135) for which respondents treated patients with OMT related to the musculoskeletal system, but extensive overlap among other body systems and body regions attests to the continued incorporation of OMT into holistic patient care by a broad range of osteopathic physicians. |
| Congenital megaesophagus with hypertrophic osteopathy in a 6-year-old dog Watrous, B. J. and B. Blumenfeld (2002), Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43(6): 545-9. Abstract: Congenital megaesophagus is often sufficiently debilitating to a young puppy to result in an owner's request for euthanasia. If medically managed, some puppies may develop a functional esophagus and mature normally; in others, the dilation may persist, but nutritional support may be sufficient to allow skeletal maturation. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy or hypertrophic osteopathy is well recognized in many animal species. Pulmonary neoplasia is most commonly associated with development of the secondary bone changes, but numerous other causes exist. The chronic changes of hypertrophic osteopathy were identified in a 6-year-old German Shepherd that was debilitated by persistent congenital megaesophagus. To the investigators' knowledge, a relationship between long-term esophageal dilatation and hypertrophic osteopathy has only been reported once in a human patient. |
| Consumer perceptions about doctors of osteopathy and medical doctors Lamb, C. W., Jr., R. Hoverstad, et al. (1988), J Health Care Mark 8(4): 53-7. |
| Continuing medical education for osteopathic physicians Cover, E. L. (1978), Ohio State Med J 74(12): 766-7. |
| Contract medicine: a Trojan horse for osteopathic medicine Wert, L. B. (1986), Osteopath Hosp Leadersh 30(6): 20-1. |
| Controlled comparison of short-wave diathermy treatment with osteopathic treatment in non-specific low back pain Gibson, T., R. Grahame, et al. (1985), Lancet 1(8440): 1258-61. Abstract: The effectiveness of spinal manipulation carried out by a non-medical qualified osteopath was compared with that of short-wave diathermy (SWD) and a placebo (detuned SWD) in 109 patients with low back pain. More than half the subjects in each of the 3 treatment groups benefited immediately from therapy. Significant improvements were observed in the 3 groups at the end of 2 weeks' treatment, and these were still apparent at 12 weeks. The outcome of treatment was unrelated to the initial severity or duration of pain or to the trend of pain towards deterioration or improvement. It is, therefore, unlikely that the results simply reflect the natural history of low back pain. Benefits obtained with osteopathy and SWD in this study may have been achieved through a placebo effect. |
| Correcting the misperceptions surrounding osteopathic medicine Allen, T. W. (1990), J Am Osteopath Assoc 90(2): 128. |
| Correlation of scores for the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination with osteopathic medical school grades Hartman, S. E., B. P. Bates, et al. (2001), J Am Osteopath Assoc 101(6): 347-9. Abstract: The authors evaluated construct validity of scores for the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX-USA), the examination used to evaluate osteopathic physicians for licensure. They computed correlations between students' grades in the first 2 years of osteopathic medical school and their scores on the COMPLEX-USA Level 1 (N = 187) and Level 2 (N = 86), as well as correlations between third- and fourth-year clerkship grades and the COMLEX-USA Level 2. Correlations of Level 1 scores with grades for years one, two, and the first 2 years combined were.74.80, and.81, respectively; for Level 2, correlations were.59.70, and.71. Correlation between clerkship grades and scores for the COMLEX-USA Level 2 was.26. The strong correlation between COMLEX-USA results and grades for the didactic curriculum in the first 2 years of medical school provides evidence for the construct validity of scores for the COMLEX-USA Levels 1 and 2. |
| Cost containment: an osteopathic hospital does it! Hamburg, W. J. (1978), Oh 22(7): 14-5, 21. |
| Cost structure of osteopathic hospitals and their local counterparts in the USA: are they any different? Sinay, T. (2005), Soc Sci Med 60(8): 1805-14. Abstract: Due to the emphasis on preventive care and less invasive solutions to medical problems, osteopathic hospitals may deliver cost efficient and cost effective care. This study examines the cost structure of osteopathic hospitals and compares their performance to a local control group selected from allopathic hospitals. Osteopathic hospitals are identified in the 1999 American Hospital Association (AHA) data and matched to local allopathic hospitals with respect to location, bed size, system, for-profit and teaching status. Cost functions are estimated for both groups of hospitals, and significant differences in input, output and costs are highlighted. Results show that osteopathic hospitals are more costly and less productive in comparison to their counterparts. Inefficient production of outpatient services and high cost of medical education are two reasons for the poor performance. The study has important policy implications on two fronts: first, osteopathic hospitals are more costly to operate than their counterparts, and subsequently this requires further analysis of the osteopathic treatments and techniques. In an environment where health care revenues are shrinking and costs are rising, this is probably much needed information for osteopathic hospitals. Secondly, there is an emerging concern among osteopathic medical schools and osteopathic physicians due to the declining number of osteopathic hospitals, which translates to a smaller number of residency positions for osteopathic medical school graduates. Analyzing cost, input and output variables reveal some of the contributing factors to the decline of osteopathic hospitals and help preserve this rich tradition. |
| Costal bone changes similar to hypertrophic osteopathy associated with pulmonary and abdominal mesothelioma in a dog Craig, J. A., R. G. Helman, et al. (1985), J Am Vet Med Assoc 186(10): 1100-1. Abstract: An 8-year-old male Irish Setter was admitted because of nonweight bearing lameness of the left forelimb. Radiography failed to reveal any bony lesions of the forelimb; however, extensive periosteal new bone formation over most rib surfaces and an atypical cardiac silhouette suggestive of a mediastinal mass with pleural effusion were observed. New bone formation was seen on the ilium and a filling defect in the urethra, distal to the prostate, was apparent with contrast urethrocystography. Necropsy revealed scirrhous mesothelioma of the thorax and abdomen, multifocal periosteal exostoses, paraprostatic cyst, and benign prostatic cystic hyperplasia. Tumor cells were associated with the periosteal exostotic costal bone. The specific cause of the lameness was not determined. |
| Cost-effective osteopathic manipulative medicine: a literature review of cost-effectiveness analyses for osteopathic manipulative treatment Gamber, R., S. Holland, et al. (2005), J Am Osteopath Assoc 105(8): 357-67. Abstract: Despite the value that osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) may offer to healthcare consumers in a managed care, evidence-based healthcare system, very little research has been published on the cost-effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative treatment compared with other treatment modalities. The authors searched MEDLINE and OSTMED for English-language articles published between January 1966 and June 2002 using the key terms cost-effectiveness, osteopathic medicine, workers' compensation, hospital length of stay, healthcare providers, and manipulative medicine. The authors then extended their search by reviewing the reference lists provided in the articles initially identified as relevant by these databases. The purpose, methods, findings, and conclusions of each study were evaluated for how the cost-effectiveness of OMM was analyzed. The authors conclude that the osteopathic medical profession needs to conduct and publish research that is consistent with current practices in the conventional medical literature. |
| Cost-utility analysis of osteopathy in primary care: results from a pragmatic randomized controlled trial Williams, N. H., R. T. Edwards, et al. (2004), Fam Pract 21(6): 643-50. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal pain is common and costly to health services and society. Management guidelines have encouraged primary care referral for spinal manipulation, but the evidence base is weak. More economic evaluations alongside pragmatic trials have been recommended. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess the cost-utility of a practice-based osteopathy clinic for subacute spinal pain. METHODS: A cost-utility analysis was performed alongside a pragmatic single-centre randomized controlled trial in a primary care osteopathy clinic accepting referrals from 14 neighbouring practices in North West Wales. Patients with back pain of 2-12 weeks duration were randomly allocated to treatment with osteopathy plus usual GP care or usual GP care alone. Costs were measured from a National Health Service (NHS) perspective. All primary and secondary health care interventions recorded in GP notes were collected for the study period. We calculated quality adjusted life year (QALY) gains based on EQ-5D responses from patients in the trial, and then cost per QALY ratios. Confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using non-parametric bootstrapping. RESULTS: Osteopathy plus usual GP care was more effective but resulted in more health care costs than usual GP care alone. The point estimate of the incremental cost per QALY ratio was 3560 pounds (80% CI 542 pounds-77,100 pounds). Sensitivity analysis examining spine-related costs alone and total costs excluding outliers resulted in lower cost per QALY ratios. CONCLUSION: A primary care osteopathy clinic may be a cost-effective addition to usual GP care, but this conclusion was subject to considerable random error. Rigorous multi-centre studies are needed to assess the generalizability of this approach. |
| Cranial osteopathy Bowden, R. (1983), Australas Nurses J 12(1): 3-5. |
| Cranial osteopathy Holmes, P. (1991), Nurs Times 87(22): 36-8. |
| Cranial osteopathy and its role in disorders of the temporomandibular joint Frymann, V. M. (1983), Dent Clin North Am 27(3): 595-611. |
| Craniomandibular osteopathy Battershell, D. (1969), J Am Vet Med Assoc 155(11): 1735-6. |
| Craniomandibular osteopathy in a bullmastiff Huchkowsky, S. L. (2002), Can Vet J 43(11): 883-5. Abstract: A 6-month-old bullmastiff was presented with bilateral painful swellings of the mandible. Craniomandibular osteopathy was diagnosed based on skull radiographs and histological findings from bone biopsies. Treatment consisted of meloxicam to alleviate the pain. Three months later, the dog was pain free without medication or palpable change in the mandible. |
| Craniomandibular osteopathy in a dog Pool, R. R. and R. L. Leighton (1969), J Am Vet Med Assoc 154(6): 657-60. |
| Craniomandibular osteopathy in a Great Dane Burk, R. L. and J. J. Broadhurst (1976), J Am Vet Med Assoc 169(6): 635-6. |
| Craniomandibular osteopathy in a labrador puppy Watkins, J. D. and R. Bradley (1966), Vet Rec 79(9): 262-4. |
| Craniomandibular osteopathy in a Shetland sheepdog Taylor, S. M., A. Remedios, et al. (1995), Can Vet J 36(7): 437-9. |
| Craniomandibular osteopathy in an English Bulldog Hathcock, J. T. (1982), J Am Vet Med Assoc 181(4): 389. |
| Craniomandibular osteopathy in Doberman Pinschers Watson, A. D., C. R. Huxtable, et al. (1975), J Small Anim Pract 16(1): 11-9. |
| Craniomandibular osteopathy in two Pyrenean mountain dogs Franch, J., J. R. Cesari, et al. (1998), Vet Rec 142(17): 455-9. Abstract: Craniomandibular osteopathy was diagnosed in two Pyrenean mountain dogs with a history of mandibular swelling, pain, fever and, in dog 1, lameness. Radiographs demonstrated extensive, active new bone formation on the ventral aspect of the mandibular bodies of both dogs. Dog 2 responded well to treatment but dog 1 was euthanased owing to severe pain, dysphagia and unsuccessful treatment. The mandibles were examined by means of back-scattered scanning electron microscopy and a well arranged mineralised trabecular network of chondroid tissue and woven bone was observed. The mandibular cortical bone under the areas of periosteal proliferation was also affected, showing a looseness of the characteristic compact appearance of lamellar bone. This is the first report of craniomandibular osteopathy in this breed. |
| Crohn's disease: infectious and osteopathic aspects Geiger, A. J. (1987), J Am Osteopath Assoc 87(7): 456-7. |
| Crystallographic study: thermal changes and the osteopathic lesion Deibert, P. W. and R. W. England (1972), J Am Osteopath Assoc 72(2): 223-5. |
| Current activities in osteopathic research Abbott, A. Q. (1955), J Am Osteopath Assoc 54(5): 325-6. |